PASSIVE VOICE : THÁI BỊ ĐỘNG
*Structure :

Active :  S  +   V + O

Passive : S + be P2 + by O

*Forms :

Ø Present simple : S + am/is/are P2 + ( by O )

Ø Past simple : S + was/were  P2 + ( by O )

Ø Present progressive : S + am/is/are  being P2 + ( by O )

Ø Past progressive : S + was/were being P2 + ( by O )

Ø Present perfect : S + have/has been P2 + ( by O )

Ø Past perfect : S + had been P2 + ( by O )

Ø Present perfect continuous : S + has/have been being P2 + ( by O )

Ø Past perfect continuous : S + had been being P2 + ( by O )

Ø Future simple : S + shall/ will be P2 + ( by O )

Ø The near future : S + am/is/are going to be P2 + ( by O )

Ø Future perfect : S + shall/will have been P2 + ( by O )

Ø Modal verbs : S + modal verbs be P2

S + modal verbs have been P2 (dạng hoàn thành)

Modal verbs : can, may, must , ought to, should, could, ...

*Note :

-         Nếu chủ ngữ là các đại từ nhân xưng ( I, It, He, She, They, ...), someone, people, one, any one, any body, ... thì khi chuyển sang bị động có thể bỏ
Ex: I cut my hair yesterday. à My hair was cut yesterday.

-          Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + by O + trạng từ chỉ thời gian

Ex: Hana played basketball in the park yesterday
--> Basketball was played in the park by Hana yesterday.

-         Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là " no one , no body, ..." thì khi chuyển sang bị động phải để dạng phủ định
Ex: No body answer the question  --> The question isn't answered .

-         Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ with thay giới từ by trước tân ngữ ấy
Ex: The bottle is filled with ink.
The bowl is filled with sugar.

-         Nếu động từ có 2 tân ngữ thì 1 trong 2 tân ngữ đều có thể làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động
Ex: I am writing her a letter .
--> She is being written a letter.
Or : A letter is being written to her.
> Chú ý :  Các động từ : ask, tell, give, send, show, teach, pay, offer thường có 2 tân ngữ

*** Một số dạng bị động khác :

1.     Động từ chỉ ý kiến : say, think, belive, report, rumor, know, tell, consider, hope, ...

active : S1 +V1 + that + S 2 + V 2+ O
passive : It + am/is/are + V1 (P2) + that + S2 + V2 + O2
         Or : S2 + be V1 (P2 ) to V2 / to have V2( P2)

Ex : People say that he is a famous doctor
--> It's said that he is a famous doctor
Or : He is said to be a famous doctor.

They thought that Anh had gone away.
--> It was thought that Anh had gone away.
Or  : Anh was thought to have gone away / to go away.

2.     Động từ chỉ giác quan : see, smell, feel, hear, watch, ...

active : S + O + VO / V-ing
--> passive : S + be + P2 + to Vo / V-ing
Ex: I saw her come in.
--> I was seen to come in.

3.     Verbs : advise, /order, urge, decide, demand, suggest, agree, be determined, be anxious,...

Active : S+ V + O (person) + to Vo / V-ing + O(thing)
--> pasive : S + V + O (person) + that + S' + should be P­2 (của Vo)

Ex: George advised me to put my money in the bank.
--> George advised me that my money should be put in the bank.

4.     Câu cầu khiến (nhờ , bảo)

Active : S + have + O (person) + Vo + O (thing)

              S +get +  O (person) + to Vo + O (thing)

--> passive : S + have/ get + O(thing) + P2 + by O (person)

Ex: Yesterday , I had Kris repair my motorbike.
--> Yesterday, I had my motorbike repaired by Kris.

I get her to make some cake.
--> I get some cake made.

5.     Câu mệnh lệnh

Active :V + O + adj
--> Passive : Let +(not) + O + be P2
Or :       (Don't ) let +O + be P2

Ex : Sign your name here
--> Let your name be signed here.